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May 21, 2024

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Haematology

Here are some key points and notes on hematology: 1. Hematology is the branch of medicine and pathology that focuses on the study of blood and blood-related disorders. 2. Blood is composed of various components, including Red blood cells (Erythrocytes) White blood cells (Leukocytes) Platelets (Thrombocytes) and plasma. 3. Red blood cells carry oxygen to tissues and remove carbon dioxide. They contain hemoglobin, a protein that binds and transports oxygen. 4. White blood cells are a crucial part of the immune system and help defend the body against infections. They include different types such as neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. 5. Platelets are involved in blood clotting (coagulation) to prevent excessive bleeding. 6. Hematology covers a wide range of disorders, including anemia, bleeding disorders, blood cancers (leukemia, lymphoma, myeloma), clotting disorders (such as hemophilia), and immune s

Biochemistry

Biochemistry plays a critical role in medical laboratories by providing essential information about a patient's health and aiding in the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of various medical conditions. Here's how biochemistry is applied in a medical laboratory setting: 1.Clinical Chemistry: Clinical chemistry involves the analysis of blood, urine, and other body fluids to assess various biochemical parameters. Common tests include: - Blood Glucose: Monitoring glucose levels to diagnose and manage diabetes. - Liver Function Tests (LFTs): Assessing liver health by measuring enzymes, bilirubin, and other markers. - Kidney Function Tests (KFTs): Measuring creatinine, urea, and electrolytes to evaluate kidney function. - Lipid Profile: Determining cholesterol levels and other lipids to assess cardiovascular risk. - Electrolyte Analysis: Measuring sodium, potassium, calcium, and other ions to maintain electrolyte balance. 2. Immunoassays: These tes

Clinical Pathology

Urine, stool, and semen are important bodily fluids that can provide valuable insights into an individual's health and help in diagnosing and monitoring various conditions. Urine analysis is a commonly performed test that evaluates the chemical and physical properties of urine. It can detect the presence of abnormalities such as infections, kidney diseases, diabetes, or urinary tract disorders. Urinalysis may include tests for pH levels, specific gravity, protein, glucose, red and white blood cells, and bacteria. Stool analysis , also known as a fecal examination, examines the composition of feces to identify any abnormalities or pathogens. It can help diagnose gastrointestinal disorders, such as infections, malabsorption issues, inflammatory bowel disease, or gastrointestinal bleeding. Stool tests may include assessing for the presence of blood, parasites, bacteria, or other microorganisms. Semen analysis is a crucial test for assessing male fertility. It evaluates

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