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May 21, 2024

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Haematology

Here are some key points and notes on hematology: 1. Hematology is the branch of medicine and pathology that focuses on the study of blood and blood-related disorders. 2. Blood is composed of various components, including Red blood cells (Erythrocytes) White blood cells (Leukocytes) Platelets (Thrombocytes) and plasma. 3. Red blood cells carry oxygen to tissues and remove carbon dioxide. They contain hemoglobin, a protein that binds and transports oxygen. 4. White blood cells are a crucial part of the immune system and help defend the body against infections. They include different types such as neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. 5. Platelets are involved in blood clotting (coagulation) to prevent excessive bleeding. 6. Hematology covers a wide range of disorders, including anemia, bleeding disorders, blood cancers (leukemia, lymphoma, myeloma), clotting disorders (such as hemophilia), and immune s...

Stain and Stainning techniques

Stain and Stainning techniques Staining is a technique used in microscopy and histology to enhance the visibility of biological tissues and cells by introducing a dye or stain that selectively colors certain structures or components. This allows researchers and scientists to observe and study the cells and tissues more effectively. There are various staining techniques available, each with its own purpose and application. Here are some commonly used staining techniques: 1. Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) Staining : This is the most widely used staining technique in histology. Hematoxylin stains cell nuclei blue-purple, while eosin stains cytoplasm and extracellular structures pink. It provides excellent contrast and allows for the visualization of cellular details. 2. Giemsa Staining : Giemsa stain is commonly used for staining blood smears. It stains the nucleus of cells blue-purple and the cytoplasm pink-orange. It is useful in identifying various types of blood cell...

Biochemistry

Biochemistry plays a critical role in medical laboratories by providing essential information about a patient's health and aiding in the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of various medical conditions. Here's how biochemistry is applied in a medical laboratory setting: 1.Clinical Chemistry: Clinical chemistry involves the analysis of blood, urine, and other body fluids to assess various biochemical parameters. Common tests include: - Blood Glucose: Monitoring glucose levels to diagnose and manage diabetes. - Liver Function Tests (LFTs): Assessing liver health by measuring enzymes, bilirubin, and other markers. - Kidney Function Tests (KFTs): Measuring creatinine, urea, and electrolytes to evaluate kidney function. - Lipid Profile: Determining cholesterol levels and other lipids to assess cardiovascular risk. - Electrolyte Analysis: Measuring sodium, potassium, calcium, and other ions to maintain electrolyte balance. 2. Immunoassays: These tes...

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